Flavonoids

This is my list of useful flavonoids and other interesting natural substances to be investigated.

They reduce microglial activation, are PPAR gamma inhibitors, reduce inflammation or have similar potentially useful effects.

Quercetin (found in many fruits, numerous interesting effects)

and two Quercetin-related flavonoids:-

       Kaempferol (widely used in traditional medicine)

       Myricetin (has good and bad effects)

 

Lycopene  (from tomatoes, potent anti-cancer, does not cross the BBB)


Luteolin(in many vegetables, like broccoli) 
 

Apigenin (from chamomile, stimulates neurogenesis, PAM of GABA_A, block NDMA receptors, antagonist of opioid receptors …)

 

Tangeretin (from tangerines, does cross the BBB, has potent effects in vitro)

      Nobiletin (from tangerines)

      Hesperidin (from tangerines)

  

Naringin (from Grapefruit, contraindicated with many prescription drugs)

 

Epicatechin/Catechin  (the chocolate/cocoa flavonoids, do cross the BBB, well researched)

 
Honokiol  - Traditionally in Asian medicine, the Magnolia biondii, Magnolia obovata, and Magnolia officinalis are commonly used. The compound itself has a spicy odor.  Because of its physical properties, honokiol can readily cross the blood brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier As a result, honokiol is a potentially potent therapy with high bioavailability.
 

Obovatol -

a biphenolic anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and nootropic isolated from the bark of Magnolia obovata.  A study showed that obovatol inhibited inflammatory activation of microglia in vitro and neuroinflammation in vivo, and the compound exerted effects against microglia-mediated neurotoxicity. However, no direct evidence regarding its ability to cross blood-brain barrier has been reported. Based on the affinity chromatography followed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric analysis, the authors identified peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) as the molecular target of obovatol, implicating microglial redox regulation in the inflammatory neurodegeneration. The report also suggested that Prx2 is a novel drug target that can be exploited for the therapeutic modulation of microglia activation and neuroinflammation.

Sophora flavescens -  The dried roots of Sophora flavescens Aiton (SFA) has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of inflammation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea, and asthma.  Research results suggest that SFA could be used as a treatment for mast cell-derived allergic inflammatory diseases.

 

Gingerol - a Farnesyltransferase inhibitor that reduces RAS signalling